1961 in India

In 1961, India witnessed significant political, social, and economic developments that shaped its post-independence trajectory. The year was marked by the ongoing integration of princely states into the Indian Union, epitomized by the annexation of Goa, Daman, and Diu from Portuguese colonial rule on December 19, 1961. Domestically, the government, led by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, emphasized initiatives aimed at industrialization and agricultural development, as part of the Second Five-Year Plan. The year also saw the sixteenth amendment to the Constitution of India, which reinforced the government's authority to impose restrictions on freedom of speech. Additionally, 1961 was notable for cultural advancements, including the emergence of Indian cinema and music on the global stage, reflecting the rich diversity of the nation.