12th Five-Year Plan (India)

The Twelfth Five-Year Plan (2012–2017) of India, formulated by the Planning Commission, aimed to enhance the nation’s socio-economic development through a comprehensive approach to growth. With a focus on inclusive development, the plan sought to achieve an average annual growth rate of 8 percent while addressing critical issues such as poverty alleviation, employment generation, and infrastructure development. Key initiatives included improvements in education, health services, and sustainable energy resources. The plan also emphasized the importance of public-private partnerships in boosting investment and innovation. It was the last Five-Year Plan before the Planning Commission was disbanded in 2015, paving the way for a new model of governance and planning in India.