1964 East Pakistan riots

The 1964 East Pakistan riots were a series of violent communal clashes that erupted in East Pakistan (present-day Bangladesh) during the latter part of the year, primarily from early September to November. The violence was largely fueled by longstanding ethnic and political tensions between the Bengali Muslim majority and the Urdu-speaking Bihari minority, who had migrated to East Pakistan during the Partition of India in 1947. Triggered by a combination of economic grievances, political disenfranchisement, and communal strife, the riots resulted in significant loss of life, extensive property damage, and widespread displacement. The turmoil underscored the fragility of inter-communal relations in the region and foreshadowed future conflicts that would ultimately lead to the independence movement in East Pakistan.