1947 in India

1947 was a pivotal year in Indian history, marking the end of British colonial rule and the emergence of India as an independent nation. The process of decolonization culminated with the Indian Independence Act, which was passed by the British Parliament on July 5, 1947, and came into effect on August 15, 1947. This act partitioned India into two sovereign states: India and Pakistan. The partition led to widespread communal violence, mass migrations, and significant loss of life, with estimates of fatalities ranging in the hundreds of thousands. The year also saw the establishment of the Indian National Congress as a leading political party, the adoption of a constitution, and the beginning of a new era of democratic governance in the subcontinent.