1860 in India

In 1860, India was under British colonial rule, marked by significant socio-political changes and economic developments. The aftermath of the 1857 Revolt, known as the First War of Independence, led to the reorganization of British administration, transitioning from the East India Company to direct British governance. This year witnessed the establishment of the Indian Penal Code, a landmark reform in Indian law, drafted by Sir James Stephen. The British sought to consolidate control through infrastructure projects, including railways and telegraphs, enhancing communication and trade. Meanwhile, various socio-religious reform movements emerged, advocating for modernization and social justice, under leaders such as Raja Ram Mohan Roy, setting the stage for future nationalist movements.